Sift the flour into a large mixing bowl, add the salt, and mix. This helps to achieve a smooth and consistent dough.
Dissolve the yeast in the lukewarm water, then add it to the flour. Pour in the olive oil as well, and start kneading the dough.
Knead the dough until it is smooth and elastic. If it's sticky, you can add a little flour, but not too much, as it may dry out the dough.
Place the dough in a lightly oiled bowl, cover it, and let it rise for about 1 hour, or until doubled in size.
Cut the eggplant into small cubes, finely chop the onion, and crush the garlic.
In a skillet, sauté the onion in a little olive oil over medium heat, then add the eggplant and cook until softened, stirring constantly.
Add the garlic, tomato paste, oregano, basil, and black pepper, and cook together for a few minutes to allow the flavors to meld.
Grate the mozzarella and Parmesan cheese, then add them to the eggplant mixture.
Punch down the risen dough on a floured surface, then divide it into 4 equal parts and roll each one into a circle.
Evenly distribute the filling over half of each dough circle, making sure to leave the edges free.
Fold the dough over to form a half-moon shape, press the edges together to seal, then use a fork to crimp the edges tightly to prevent them from opening during baking.
Place the calzones on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper, then brush them with beaten egg to give them a beautiful golden-brown color.
Bake in a preheated oven at 400°F (200°C) for about 20-25 minutes, or until golden brown.
Let the baked calzones rest for a few minutes, then serve warm.
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