In lukewarm milk, mix the sugar, then crumble in the yeast and let stand for 10 minutes, until foamy.
In a large bowl, sift the flour, add the salt, then pour in the yeast mixture and vanilla extract. Start kneading the dough.
When the dough comes together, place it on a lightly floured surface and knead for 10 minutes until it becomes elastic.
Place the dough in a bowl, cover with a kitchen towel, and let rise for 1 hour, until doubled in size.
Roll out the risen dough into a rectangle, then place the cold butter in the center. Fold the edges of the dough over the butter.
Gently roll out the dough, then fold it into thirds. Cover and refrigerate for 30 minutes.
Repeat the folding and rolling process two more times, always resting the dough in the refrigerator for 30 minutes in between.
Roll out the finished dough to a thickness of 5 mm, then cut out heart shapes.
Fold in the two upper corners of the heart shapes, then slightly curl them outwards to help the croissant maintain its heart shape.
Place the heart-shaped croissants on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper, cover, and let rise for another 30 minutes.
Whisk the egg and brush the tops of the croissants to give them a nice sheen.
Bake in a preheated oven at 375°F (190°C) for 15-18 minutes, or until golden brown.
Let the croissants cool, then sprinkle with powdered sugar before serving.
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