Combine the flour and salt, then add the melted butter or shortening. Gradually add the water, kneading until a smooth dough forms. Wrap in plastic wrap and refrigerate for 30 minutes.
Thinly slice the jalapeños. Grate the cheese, and grate or crush the garlic.
Mix the cheese with the jalapeño slices, garlic, and ground black pepper. If using pickled jalapeños, drain them well to prevent a soggy filling.
On a lightly floured surface, roll out the rested dough to about 3 mm (⅛ inch) thick. Cut out 10–12 cm (4-5 inch) circles. Place a tablespoon of filling in the center of each circle.
Fold the circles in half to form a half-moon shape. Press the edges together with a fork or twist them to seal. Make sure they are sealed well to prevent the cheese from leaking out.
Place the filled empanadas on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Brush the tops with a little water or oil for a golden-brown finish.
Bake in a preheated oven at 400°F (200°C) for 20–25 minutes, or until the pastry is golden brown and crispy, and the cheese is melted inside.
Let cool for 5 minutes, then serve warm. These are excellent as a spicy, filling snack on their own or with a dipping sauce.
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