Cut the lamb shoulder into large chunks, trimming off excess fat. Season generously with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
In a large Dutch oven or heavy-bottomed pot, heat olive oil over medium-high heat. Brown the lamb pieces in batches on all sides, then remove and set aside.
In the same pot, sauté diced onion, carrot, celery, and minced garlic until softened and fragrant, about 5-7 minutes.
Add tomato paste to the vegetables and cook for 2 minutes, stirring constantly to coat them evenly. This will deepen the flavor of the stew.
Deglaze the pot with red wine, scraping up any browned bits from the bottom. Simmer until reduced by half, about 5 minutes, allowing the alcohol to evaporate.
Return the lamb to the pot. Add beef stock, rosemary, thyme, and bay leaves. Bring to a simmer, then reduce heat to low.
Cover the pot and cook on low heat for 2.5-3 hours, stirring occasionally, until the lamb is incredibly tender and easily pulls apart. The flavors should be well combined and rich.
Serve the stew hot, garnished with fresh herbs like parsley or thyme. This pairs beautifully with crusty bread for soaking up the delicious sauce, or creamy mashed potatoes.
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