In a small bowl, combine the lukewarm water, sugar, and yeast. Let it stand for 10 minutes, until foamy.
In a large bowl, whisk together the flour and salt. Add the yeast mixture and melted butter. Knead the dough for 8-10 minutes, until smooth and elastic.
Cover the dough with a kitchen towel and let it rise in a warm place for about 1 hour, or until doubled in size.
Divide the risen dough into 8 equal pieces. Roll each piece into a long rope and shape into classic pretzel shapes.
In a large pot, bring 2 liters of water to a boil and add the baking soda. Drop the pretzels one at a time into the boiling water for 20-30 seconds, then place them on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper.
Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C). Brush the tops of the pretzels with beaten egg, then sprinkle with coarse salt.
Bake the pretzels for 15-18 minutes, until golden brown and crispy.
Let cool on a wire rack, then serve fresh, with mustard or cheese sauce if desired.
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