Steep the saffron threads in 2-3 tablespoons of warm water for 5-10 minutes to release their aroma and color.
Rinse the rice thoroughly under cold water several times until the water runs clear. Drain well.
If using onion and garlic, finely chop them.
In a saucepan, melt the butter or heat the olive oil over medium heat. Sauté the onion and garlic, if using, until softened.
Add the rice and stir to coat each grain with the fat.
Pour in the water or stock, then add salt and pepper.
Stir in the saffron-infused water and bring to a boil.
Cover the saucepan, reduce heat to low, and simmer for 15 minutes, or until the rice is tender and has absorbed all the liquid.
Remove from heat and let it rest, covered, for another 5 minutes.
Fluff the rice with a fork, sprinkle with fresh chopped parsley or cilantro, and serve hot.
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