Thoroughly wash the nopal cactus pads in cold water to remove any dirt and the cactus's natural mucilaginous coating.
Using a sharp knife, trim off the spines and any tough parts from the pads. Then, slice them into thin strips or smaller pieces.
Bring a large pot of water to a boil and add the sliced nopales. Cook for 5 minutes, then drain and rinse with cold water to further reduce the slimy texture.
In a separate pot, combine the vinegar, water, salt, and sugar. Bring to a boil. This will be your pickling brine.
Prepare sterilized canning jars. Place the cooked nopales into the jars, along with the garlic cloves, dried chili peppers, sliced jalapeño peppers, bay leaves, black peppercorns, and cumin seeds.
Pour the hot pickling brine over the ingredients in the jars, making sure to completely submerge them.
Seal the jars and let them cool to room temperature. Then, store them in the refrigerator for at least 24 hours to allow the flavors to meld.
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